Male Fertility

Description

The Prolog Male Fertility formula is a nutritional supplement that may help enhance male fertility and sperm quality.

This product is designed for the male with impaired sperm quality or elevated DNA fragmentation or varicocele. It has been developed for the couple where at least one partner is greater than 35 years of age, as well as those having difficulty conceiving, undergoing fertility treatments by inseminations or IVF, with unexplained infertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss.

Ingredient List:

Vitamin C: Helps protect sperm and other cells from reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative stress and cellular damage.
CoQ10: acts as an antioxidant, preventing lipid peroxidation in sperm membranes. In sperm cells, the majority of CoQ10, an energy promoting agent and antioxidant, is concentrated in the mitochondria of the midpiece, so that the energy for movement and all other energy-dependent processes in the sperm cell also depend on the availability of CoQ10.
Lycopene: Lycopene, the most potent singlet oxygen quencher of all carotenoids, is a possible treatment option for male infertility because of its antioxidant properties.
Grape Seed Extract: Potent antioxidant that promote normal cell development and guard against oxygen radicals.
Vitamin D3: Positively influences hormone production and improves semen quality. Vitamin D modulates the levels of free (biologically active) testosterone rather than total testosterone and has been shown to improve sperm motility, and to exert direct actions on sperm cells, including modulation of intracellular calcium levels and activation of pathways involved in sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction.
L-Citrulline: A source of L-arginine, L-citrulline promotes nitric oxide production. Combined with French maritime pine bark extract, L-citrulline demonstrates an increase of all semen parameters.
French Maritime Pine Bark Extract: Clinical studies have shown improved ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, motility, and capacitated sperm morphology.

Additional information

Weight	.5 lbs

The Scientific Basis:

According to World Health Organization estimates, about one-half of infertility is due to poor semen parameters (sperm count, motility, and morphology) and it has been demonstrated that infertile men have higher levels of oxidative stress than their fertile counterparts. Due to the high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in sperm cell membranes, the physiological process of sperm cell formation and maturation, spermatogenesis, is especially susceptible to peroxidation (a form of oxidative stress in which oxygen atoms are formed leading to the production of peroxides). Oxidative stress is the imbalance between oxidants (reactive oxygen species, "ROS") and the antioxidant system. ROS, or oxygen radicals, such as hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals, are the natural by-products of oxygen metabolism. Oxygen radicals, however, are unstable, toxic molecules that contain one unpaired electron. These unpaired electrons make free radicals highly reactive such that they can react with lipids, amino acids and DNA/RNA in their vicinity. One free radical can spark a chain reaction, instantly causing a cascade of new free radicals. In the normal state, the seminal plasma contains antioxidants which both negate the effects of these ROS and which protect the sperm cells from oxidative damage. However, during times of physical or environmental stress, the concentration of ROS can increase markedly, leading to extensive sperm DNA damage, reduced sperm motility and defective integrity of the sperm cell membrane. Oxidative stress can have effects on sperm DNA and may accelerate testicular programmed cell death (apoptosis). In short, oxidative stress in the testes may decrease sperm concentration and progressive motility and may increase the percentage of abnormal forms. These changes are associated with male sub-fertility and infertility as well as miscarriage. Inflammation, immature sperm cells, obesity, heat, prolonged sexual abstinence, varicocele and other environmental factors may also increase oxidative stress. The protective, buffering antioxidant system in the semen includes enzymes which neutralize the ROS, as well as other non-enzyme antioxidants (Vitamins A, C and E, coenzyme Q10, B2, B6, B12, glutathione). Folic acid, zinc, and selenium also facilitate the antioxidant system. Human, animal, and cell culture studies have shown that a number of specific antioxidants may lead to improved semen parameters. Nutritional support in the form of a combination of antioxidants may help guard against ROS and the associated cellular damage. Lifestyle modifications may also play a major role in reproductive health. Whereas, tobacco, marijuana, alcohol and other toxins can diminish sperm quality, a well-balanced diet and daily aerobic exercise can improve the semen quality. Dietary changes alone, however, will not provide the high level of nutritional support available in this proprietary blend. The contained, potent antioxidant preparation can help reverse some of the oxidative stress associated with normal aging, toxins and suboptimal diet. It takes approximately 74 days for spermatogenesis and various studies in the reproductive medicine literature have demonstrated that consistent, targeted nutritional support taken for the appropriate duration may improve sperm production in men with fertility disorders. In a systematic review, Ross and coworkers analyzed the efficacy of antioxidant therapy for male infertility. The expansive study reviewed various antioxidants including astaxanthin, carnitines, folic acid, N-acetylcysteine, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc. Of the 3,740 citations reviewed, 16 studies investigated the effect of antioxidants on semen quality in 1,605 men and an additional 10 studies evaluated the effect of antioxidants on pregnancy rates. This review concluded that antioxidant treatment of infertile men reduces oxidative stress in the semen and has more impact on sperm motility than on concentration and morphology. In addition, this review concluded that antioxidant therapy was associated with a significant improvement in spontaneous pregnancy rates in 6 of the 10 randomized studies and a study that analyzed pregnancy rates after assisted reproductive technologies. In a Cochrane Review of antioxidants in male subfertility there was evidence seven small randomized controlled clinical trials that antioxidant supplementation in sub fertile males may improve live birth rates for couples attending fertility clinics. There was also no evidence for increased miscarriage risks. The Coherence evidence is thought to be of low quality and not conclusive based upon the methodologies of the studies included. References:

Wright C, Milne S, Leeson H: Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014 Jun 28(6):684-703.
Kumar N, Singh AK: Trends in male actor infertility, an important cause of infertility: a review of the literature. J Hum Reprod Sci 2015 8:191-196.
Chi HJ, Kim JH, Ryu CS, Lee JY, et al: Protective effect of antioxidant supplementation in sperm preparation medium against oxidative stress in human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2008 23:1023-1028.
Gharagozloo P, Aitken RJ : The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidative therapy. Hum Reprod 2011 26:1628-1640.
Fujii J, lmai H: Redox reactions in mammalian spermatogenesis and the potential targets of reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress. Spermatogenesis 2014 4:e979108
Tremellen K: Oxidative stress and male infertility - a clinical perspective. Hum Reprod Update 2008 14:243-258.
O'Flaherty C: The enzymatic antioxidative system in human spermatozoa. Adv Androl 2014, 2014: 626374.
Aitken RJ, Roman SD: Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2008 1:15-24.
Smit M, Romijn JC, Wildhagen MF, Weber RF, Dohle GR: Sperm chromatin structure is associated with the quality of spermatogenesis in infertile patients. Fertil Steril 2010, 94:1748-1752.
Agarwal A, Said TM: Carnitines and male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2004 8:376-384.
Mostemi MK, Tavanbakhsh S: Selenium-vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: effects on semen parameters and pregnancy rate. lnt J Gen Med 2011 4:99-104.
Angulo C, Maldonado R, Pulgar E, Mancilla H, et al: Vitamin C and oxidative stress in seminiferous Biol Res 2011 44:169-180.
Zini A, San Gabriel M, Libman J: Lycopene supplementation in vitro can protect human sperm deoxyribonucleic acid from oxidative damage. Fertil Steril 2010 94:1033-1036.
Agarwal A, Virk G, Ong C, du Plessis SS: Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World J Mens Health 2014, 32:1-17.
Ross C, Morriss A, Khairy M, et al: A systematic review of the effect of oral antioxidants on male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2010 20 (6) 711-723.
Smits RM, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Yazdani A, Stankiewicz MT, Jordan V, Showell MG: Antioxidants for male subfertility, Cochrane Review Published 13 march 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007411.pub4

Disclaimer: None of the above statements have been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Please consult your health care professional before taking any and all supplements, Individual results may vary. Every Prolog Health product exceeds the standards and requirements set forth in the FDA's Code of Federal Regulation (21 CFR, 111) Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMP). All products are made in the USA with all ingredients of the highest verifiable quality.

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